The final findings
In this country which gave birth to the car, everything has been done to promote individual use. Roads, urban design, -which separates residential areas, leisure or activities-, the suburbs, the motorway network … The last fifty years have forged a genuine car culture, sitting on the promise some freedom.
In the enterprise, the automobile maintains its status whatever the price. On the altar of tax benefits, statutory or maybe just out of habit, it is rare to separate business and use of vehicles.
Still, at a time when cities focus -and is Always focus more-, this paradigm tends to falter under the weight of congestion, fuel costs and lost time.
According to the INRIX , a global provider of traffic information, the French were wasted in 2013 a whopping 17 billion euros fuel in cars and premature wear in lost hours of work, in traffic jams. With annual lost time for motorists 143 hours and 36 minutes, we are the champions of Europe!
In relation to each driver, it is almost 136 hours lost each year either, 1,943 euros / year / home.
The 2030 projections show a waste of about 22 billion euros (31%).
As for the environment and health public in October 2013, WHO has classified air carcinogen cities, advocating, the transport part, “… to promote the rapid public transport, walking and cycling routes in the cities and intercity transport of goods and passengers. Use primarily diesel vehicles more environmentally friendly industrial use, as well as vehicles and low-emission fuels, including low sulfur fuels. “
If the citizens of major French cities have already begun to turn away the majority of the possession of the car companies have probably dealt with this problem in the wrong way.
Because it is often only the name of CSR (corporate social responsibility), with the majority of environmental time, the pioneers, there about ten years, tried to initiate projects to reduce the use of the car, otherwise known company travel plan (PDE). On the menu, incentives, awareness of “education” … a range of actions more based on individual goodwill as a real benefit for the employee.
Marc Fontanès responsible Sustainable mobility division at Auxilia Council ( SOS Group ) provides an objective assessment “for PDE, there are more difficult cases than successes An assessment. ADEME reported in 2009 only 20% of success of these efforts. “
cause, probably too emotional approach that is more” environmentally friendly -culpabilisatrice. “, while real earnings are elsewhere, particularly in the financial or social plans
On the costs,” says Marc Fontanès, “the firm hand on many positions: Management fleet mileage allowances, streamlining travel, etc. But the main issue is the journey to work, but now she can not force its employees to a particular practice. “
It is therefore to be able to ensure that employees are considering the many existing solutions: carpooling, public transport, walking and cycling
Each has its advantages and its brakes Carpooling faces.. a difficult acceptance, public transport … must exist and be reliable, walking is valid only for employees living near the workplace.
“It’s the bike that is most promising because it is underutilized, “said Marc Fontanès” but the most important is to set a bunch of solutions, multimodal movement. “
And this notion of multimodal goes beyond the displacement . For the bouquet includes, of course, car, cycling, walking, public transportation, carpooling, car-sharing, but telecommuting and third places, because they avoid or limit movement.
The final idea being that the pick collaborator in this bouquet to reduce the environmental and economic cost of commuting, according to his needs or desires.
“This is also an opportunity to retain employees of the company including the lowest income, “says Marc Fontanès,” as they are increasingly mindful of finding an alternative to their expensive car. Develop multimodal solutions is attractive to develop the company. “
Solutions that work fast
In Bordeaux, the Hospital (University Hospital), 14,000 employees spread in 7 institutions, faced with a problem of parking spaces at the time of the crossing of the teams. To encourage employees to take the comprehensive network Bordeaux trams and buses, or use softer personal solutions, walking and cycling, the decision to delegate to Vinci part of the car was taken.
rather drastic solution, as to charge for the previously guaranteed parking spaces for employees, but rapidly effective final because in 18 months, some impressive results were recorded: 17% of motorists in less that converted 20 million kilometers in 650 new cyclists (+ 80%) and 2 times more users of public transport.
In Grenoble, STMicroelectronics has faced different challenges. Between 1997 and 2005, the company, located on an island in the “science park” with all that that represents access difficulties, had to deal with an increase in staff of around 80%, with the construction new buildings instead of … existing car parks.
However, if 80% of employees were working in personal vehicles, 60% of them living in the city, with easy access to public transportation existing. buses, trams, bicycles
Since 2001, a range of alternative solutions are deployed: carpooling, incentives to use public transport and the soft personal transport, private shuttles between the station . and polygon creation of 400 parking spaces for bicycles
In 2008, the results were: 54% of alternative solutions used, 46% of car users (80% vs. original) 1,000 tons of CO2 saved. In summary, a very high rate of acceptance on the part of employees and a city that appropriates private shuttle.
The BDP, in its multimodal version that works. With the expected intensification of large cities, the question is no longer why but the how and the when.
Moreover, this societal problem is the fact that all countries with, every time a different approach and a specific relation to the distance to the use or cultivation.
Even in the US, the country queen of the car, carpooling has enjoyed several years of motorway lanes Dedicated in some states.
Instead of waiting binding regulations and globalizing, it is through the collaboration of cities, businesses and citizens that the practice and use of movement will evolve. The benefit of all.
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